Question

Answer each question completely. Copy and Paste the SPSS output into the word document for the calculations portion of the problems, highlighting correct answers. (Please remember to answer the questions you must interpret the SPSS output).

Are handedness and gender related? A researcher collected the following data in hopes of discovering if handedness and gender are independent (Ambidextrous individuals were excluded from the study). Use the Chi-Square test for independence to explore this at a level of significance of 0.05. Report the test statistic using correct APA formatting and interpret the results.

	Left-Handed	Right-Handed
Men	13	22
Women	27	18

Answer 1

here,

test hypothesis:

H0: Null hypothesis: handedness and gender are independent

HA: Alternative hypothesis: handedness and gender are not independent

Observed frequencies

	left handed	right handed	total
men	13	22	35
women	27	18	45
total	40	40	80

expected frequencies

	left handed	right handed	total
men	40*35/80 = 17.5	17.5	35
women	22.5	22.5	45

O	E	O-E	(O-E)2	(O-E)2/E
13	17.5	-4.5	20.25	1.1571
22	17.5	4.5	20.25	1.1571
27	22.5	4.5	20.25	0.9
18	22.5	-4.5	20.25	0.9

from the above data,

chi square, X² = 4.1142

degree of freedom, df = (no.of rows-1)*(no.of columns-1) = (2-1)*(2-1) = 1

level of significance, alpha = 0.05

from alpha and df

critical value, X² = 3.84

since the calculated value is greater than the critical value, so we reject H0.

so we can conclude that there is relationship between handedness and gender.