Question

Based on the information provided, note whether the study is cross-sectional, ecologic, prospective cohort, or retrospective cohort:

1 . Pediatric providers' self-reported knowledge, practices, and attitudes about concussion

Objective: To determine the self-reported practices and attitudes surrounding concussion diagnosis and management of primary care and emergency medicine providers.

METHODS: A survey was distributed to pediatric primary care and emergency medicine providers in a single, large pediatric care network.  For all survey participants (n=145), practices and attitudes about concussion diagnosis and treatment were queried.

Study type? _______ __________________________

2. Habitual Caffeine Intake and Risk of Hypertension in Women

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between caffeine intake and incident hypertension in women.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: 155,594 US women free from physician-diagnosed hypertension followed up over 12 years. Caffeine intake and possible confounders were ascertained from regularly administered questionnaires. We also tested the associations with types of caffeinated beverages.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incident physician-diagnosed hypertension

Study type?

3. Fish Consumption and Mortality from All Causes, Ischemic Heart Disease, and Stroke.

Objective: The present study examined the relation between fish consumption and mortality from all causes, ischemic heart disease, and stroke.

Methods: The fish consumption data in 1961-1963, 1079-1981, and 1989-1991 and mortality data in 36 countries were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization, respectively.

Study type? _

Answer 1

(1)

Study Type: Cross study

Explanation:

This is a type of observational study that analyzes data from a population at a specific point of time.

(2)

Study Type:Prospective Cohort Study

This is a longitudinal cohort study that follows over 12 years. 155,594 US women free from physician-diagnosed hypertension to test the associations with types of caffeinated beverages.

(3)

Study Type: :Retrospective Cohort Study

This is a type of observational study in which the investigator looks back in time: fish consumption data in 1961-1963, 1079-1981, and 1989-1991 and mortality data to examine the relation between fish consumption and mortality from all causes, ischemic heart disease, and stroke.