Question

A subject claims to have ESP (Extra Sensory Perception). One experiment to detect ESP uses a shuffled deck of five cards in which each card has one of five different pictures on it (circle, cross, square, star, and wave). A card is selected from the deck. The subject is asked to guess the picture on the selected card. After the response is recorded the card is returned to the deck and the deck is shuffled. If a subject does not have ESP, then there is a 1 5 = 0.2 chance of being right by chance. If a subject does have ESP, there is a better chance of a correct answer. Suppose the subject guesses correctly 18 out of 50 tries.

Please include steps, I'm having a hard time understanding p-values

Answer 1

p-value : probty of observing more extreme values than the one observed in sample , when we assume null hypothesis is true.