Question

describe contributions of 6 well-known probability and statistics experts（one paragraph for each individual）

Answer 1

1. R. A. Fisher

Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher (1890 - 1962) was an English statistician, evolutionary biologist, and geneticist. he described as "The greatest of Darwin's successors" by Richard Dawkins, and the historian of statistics, Anders Hald said, "Fisher was a genius who almost single-handedly created the foundations for modern statistical science".His contributions to experimental design, analysis of variance, and likelihood-based methods have led some to call him "The Father of Statistics".

2. Karl Pearson

Karl Pearson (1857 - 1936) was a major contributor to the early development of statistics and founder of the world's first university statistics department at University College London in 1911. His most famous contribution is the Pearson's chi-square test.

3. Gertrude Cox

Gertrude Mary Cox (1900 - 1978) was an influential American statistician and founder of the Department of Experimental Statistics at North Carolina State University. She was later appointed the director of both the Institute of Statistics of the Consolidated University of North Carolina and the Statistics Research Division of North Carolina State University. Her most important and influential research dealt with experimental design; she wrote an important book on the subject with W. G. Cochran. In 1949 Cox became the first female elected into the International Statistical Institute and in 1956 she was president of the American Statistical Association.

4. John Tukey

John Wilder Tukey (1915 - 2000) was a professor of Statistics at Princeton University. A mathematician by training, his statistical interests were many and varied. He contributed significantly to what is today known as the jackknife procedure. He introduced the box plot in his 1977 book, Exploratory Data Analysis. He also contributed to statistical practice and articulated the important distinction between exploratory data analysis and confirmatory data analysis, believing that much statistical methodology placed too great an emphasis on the latter.

5. Thomas Bayes

Thomas Bayes was an English statistician, philosopher and Presbyterian minister who is known for formulating a specific case of the theorem that bears his name: Bayes' theorem. Bayes never published what would become his most famous accomplishment; his notes were edited and published after his death by Richard Price. we also study Bayesian statistics.

6. Student (William Sealy Gosset)

William Sealy Gosset (1876 - 1937) was a chemist and statistician, better known by his pen name Student. He worked in a beer brewery and his testing of very small patches led him to discover certain small-sample distributions. This led to the development of Student's t-Test. His communications with Fisher on the subject are legendary.