Question

The following times series shows the demand for a particular product over the past 10 months....

The following times series shows the demand for a particular product over the past 10 months.

Month

Value

1

324

2

311

3

303

4

314

5

323

6

313

7

302

8

315

9

312

10

326

a. Use α = 0.2 to compute the exponential smoothing values for the time series. Compute MSE, MAPE and a forecast for month 11.

b. Calculate MSE and MAPE for three month moving average ?

c. Compare the three-month moving average forecast with the exponential smoothing forecast using α = 0.2. Which appears to provide the better forecast based on MSE?

Homework Answers

Answer #1

a. Use α = 0.2 to compute the exponential smoothing values for the time series. Compute MSE, MAPE and a forecast for month 11.

For exponential smoothing we will assume the first month forecast value is same as actual.

For next forecast values we hhvae the formula

Eg: For month 4 we have F4 = A3 * 0.2 + F3*0.8

Month Value Forecast
1 324 324
2 311 324.000
3 303 321.400
4 314 317.720
5 323 316.976
6 313 318.181
7 302 317.145
8 315 314.116
9 312 314.293
10 326 313.834
11 316.267

MSE = mean squared error

where the error = actual - forecast

So we square the error.

MSE = ......We divide 9 because we have 9 pirs of the actual and forecast.

Month Value Forecast Error Error^2
1 324 324
2 311 324.000 -13.000 169.000
3 303 321.400 -18.400 338.560
4 314 317.720 -3.720 13.838
5 323 316.976 6.024 36.289
6 313 318.181 -5.181 26.841
7 302 317.145 -15.145 229.360
8 315 314.116 0.884 0.782
9 312 314.293 -2.293 5.256
10 326 313.834 12.166 148.010
11 316.267
Total 967.936
Mean 107.548

MAPE = mean absolute percentage error

Where percentage error = Absolute error / actual

MAPE =

Month Value Forecast Error Abs error APE
1 324 324
2 311 324.000 -13.000 13 4.2%
3 303 321.400 -18.400 18.4 6.1%
4 314 317.720 -3.720 3.72 1.2%
5 323 316.976 6.024 6.024 1.9%
6 313 318.181 -5.181 5.181 1.7%
7 302 317.145 -15.145 15.145 5.0%
8 315 314.116 0.884 0.884 0.3%
9 312 314.293 -2.293 2.293 0.7%
10 326 313.834 12.166 12.166 3.7%
11 316.267
Total 24.7%
Mean 2.7%

b. Calculate MSE and MAPE for three month moving average ?

Moving average is where we first take the total of previous 'n' periods and then divide by 'n'.

So Eg: we have F4 = (sum (A1 + A2+ A3)/ 3

Month Value Moving Total Forecast Error Error^2 Abs error APE
1 324
2 311
3 303
4 314 938 312.667 1.333 1.778 1.333 0.4%
5 323 928 309.333 13.667 186.778 13.667 4.2%
6 313 940 313.333 -0.333 0.111 0.333 0.1%
7 302 950 316.667 -14.667 215.111 14.667 4.9%
8 315 938 312.667 2.333 5.444 2.333 0.7%
9 312 930 310.000 2.000 4.000 2.000 0.6%
10 326 929 309.667 16.333 266.778 16.333 5.0%
11 953 317.667
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