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When constructing and implementing hypothesis tests, what reasoning is used behind the statement of the null...

When constructing and implementing hypothesis tests, what reasoning is used behind the statement of the null and alternative hypotheses? Why are hypothesis tests set up in this way? Can a confidence interval obtained for estimating a population parameter be used to reject the null hypothesis? If your answer is yes, explain how. If your answer is no, explain why.

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For construction of hypothesis test we take null hypothesis as no difference to existing scenario and claimed one. And alternative hypothesis is taken as the claimed one. This is because , in Hypothesis testing the investigator should be neutral and this is obtained by taking above mentioned reasoning which guaranteed an Unbiasedness of investigator towards the problem..

Yes you can use confidence interval to reject the null hypothesis. Since the confidence interval is obtained from the test statistic which is used in testing of hypothesis. So if we have confidence interval and our null hypothesis is away from this confidence interval then we can reject null hypothesis.

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