When a fair coin is flipped N times, the average number of heads <n> , is N/2 and, in any particular trail, the “fluctuation” about this average, the standard deviation (variance), is expected to be sigma = sqrt(<n^2>-,<n>^2) . Calculate the probability that for N=16 the number of heads in one trail will be outside the expected range N/2+ sigma to N/2- sigma
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