Question

The following data represent the survival data for the ill-fated Titanic voyage by gender. The males are adults males and the females are adult females:

                                                                     Gender

Survival	Male	Female	Child	total
Survived Died	338 1352	316 109	57 52	711 1513
Total	1690	425	109	2224

Suppose a passenger is selected at random.

1. What is the probability that the passenger survived?

1. What is the probability that the passenger was female?

1. What is the probability that the passenger was female or survived?

1. What is the probability that the passenger was female and survived?

1. If a female is selected at random, what is the probability that she survived?

1. If a child is selected at random, what is the probability that the child survived?

1. If a male is selected at random, what is the probability that he survived?

1. Do you think the adage “women and children first” was adhered to on the Titanic? Justify your answer.

1. Suppose two females are selected at random. What is the probability both survived?

Answer 1

	Male	Female	Child	Total
Survived	338	316	57	711
Died	1352	109	52	1513
Total	1690	425	109	2224

P(Survived) = 711/2224 = 0.3197

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P(Female) = 425/2224 = 0.1911

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P(Survived or Female) = P(Survived) + P(Female) - P(Survived and Female)

= 711/2224 + 425/2224 - 316/2224 = 0.3687

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P(Survived and Female) = 316/2224 = 0.1421

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P(Survived | Female) = P(Survived and Female) / P(Female)

= (316/2224) / (425/2224) = 0.7435

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P(Survived | Child) = P(Survived and Child) / P(Child)

= (57/2224) / (109/2224) = 0.5229

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P(Survived | Male) = P(Survived and Male) / P(Male)

= (338/2224) / (1690/2224) = 0.2

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Yes, the adage “women and children first” was adhered to on the Titanic. As more men died on the ship.

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P(both females survived) = (316/425)x(315/424) = 0.552