The types of raw materials used to construct stone tools found at an archaeological site are shown below. A random sample of 1486 stone tools were obtained from a current excavation site.
Raw Material | Regional Percent of Stone Tools | Observed Number of Tools as Current excavation Site |
Basalt | 61.3% | 887 |
Obsidian | 10.6% | 161 |
Welded Tuff | 11.4% | 174 |
Pedernal chert | 13.1% | 209 |
Other | 3.6% | 55 |
Use a 1% level of significance to test the claim that the regional distribution of raw materials fits the distribution at the current excavation site.
(a) What is the level of significance?
State the null and alternate hypotheses.
H0: The distributions are different.
H1: The distributions are the same.
H0: The distributions are the same.
H1: The distributions are the
same.
H0: The distributions are the same.
H1: The distributions are different.
H0: The distributions are different.
H1: The distributions are different.
(b) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample.
(Round the expected frequencies to at least three decimal places.
Round the test statistic to three decimal places.)
Are all the expected frequencies greater than 5?
Yes
No
What sampling distribution will you use?
norma
lchi-square
binomial
Student's t
uniform
What are the degrees of freedom?
(c) Find or estimate the P-value of the sample test
statistic.
P-value > 0.100
0.050 < P-value < 0.100
0.025 < P-value < 0.050
0.010 < P-value < 0.025
0.005 < P-value < 0.010
P-value < 0.005
(d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or
fail to reject the null hypothesis of independence?
Since the P-value > α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.
Since the P-value > α, we reject the null hypothesis.
Since the P-value ≤ α, we reject the null hypothesis.
Since the P-value ≤ α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.
(e) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the
application.
At the 0.01 level of significance, the evidence is sufficient to conclude that the regional distribution of raw materials does not fit the distribution at the current excavation site.
At the 0.01 level of significance, the evidence is insufficient to conclude that the regional distribution of raw materials does not fit the distribution at the current excavation site.
The statistical software output for this problem is:
Hence,
a) Level of significance = 0.01
Hypotheses: H0: The distributions are the
same.
H1: The distributions are different.
b) Test statistic = 1.928
Yes
Chi - Square
Degree of freedom = 4
c) P-value > 0.100
d) Since the P-value > α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.
e) At the 0.01 level of significance, the evidence is insufficient to conclude that the regional distribution of raw materials does not fit the distribution at the current excavation site.
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