Question

A social psychology student is doing a study of conformity, in which a participant does a task with six confederates who are pretending to be other participants. In her high-pressure condition, all six confederates give the same wrong answer. In her low-pressure condition, only three confederates give the wrong answer and the other three are variable. She records the number of people who do and do not conform by adopting the wrong answer given by the majority.

	Does conform	Does not conform
High pressure	50	23
Low pressure	18	28

a. Construct the table of expected frequencies.

b. Calculate the appropriate χ2 statistic and degrees of freedom.

c. Report the effect size using Cramer’s ϕ.

d. Conduct a formal test at the α = .05 to see if there is any association.

Answer 1

Ans:

a,b)

	Observed(fo)
	Does conform	Does not conform	Total
High pressure	50	23	73
Low pressure	18	28	46
Total	68	51	119
	Expected (fe)
	Does conform	Does not conform	Total
High pressure	41.71	31.29	73
Low pressure	26.29	19.71	46
Total	68	51	119
	Chi square=(fo-fe)^2/fe
	Does conform	Does not conform	Total
High pressure	1.646	2.194	3.840
Low pressure	2.612	3.482	6.094
Total	4.258	5.677	9.934

Test statistic:

Chi square=9.934

df=(2-1)*(2-1)=1

c)

Effect size ,Phi=sqrt(9.934/119)=0.29

d)

p-value=CHIDIST(9.934,1)=0.0016

As,p-value<0.05,we reject the null hypothesis.

There is sufficient evidence to conclude that there is association between two variables.