Question

For each problem, select the best response.

(a) In formulating hypotheses for a statistical test of significance, the null hypothesis is often

A. a statement that the data are all 0.
B. a statement of ''no effect'' or ''no difference''.
C. the probability of observing the data you actually obtained
D. 0.05

(b) In testing hypotheses, which of the following would be strong evidence against the null hypothesis?

A. Obtaining data with a large P -value.
B. Using a small level of significance.
C. Using a large level of significance.
D. Obtaining data with a small P -value.

(c) The P -value of a test of a null hypothesis is

A. the probability the null hypothesis is true.
B. the probability, assuming the null hypothesis is true, that the test statistic will take a value at least as extreme as that actually observed.
C. the probability the null hypothesis is false.
D. the probability, assuming the null hypothesis is false, that the test statistic will take a value at least as extreme as that actually observed.

Answer 1

a. Null hypothesis always have equality sign which mean statistics are having no effect or no difference

So answer here is

B. a statement of ''no effect'' or ''no difference''.
b. If P value is less than alpha we reject the null hypothesis

So answer here is

D. Obtaining data with a small P -value.

c. The P value, or calculated probability, is the probability of finding the observed, or more extreme, results when the null hypothesis (H ₀) of a study question is true – the definition of 'extreme' depends on how the hypothesis is being tested.

So answer here is

B. the probability, assuming the null hypothesis is true, that the test statistic will take a value at least as extreme as that actually observed.