Question

A paper described a survey of 495 undergraduate students at a state university in the southwestern region of the United States. Each student in the sample was classified according to class standing (freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior) and body art category (body piercings only, tattoos only, both tattoos and body piercings, no body art).

Use the data in the accompanying table to determine if there is evidence that there is an association between class standing and response to the body art question. Assume that it is reasonable to regard the sample of students as representative of the students at this university. Use

α = 0.01.

	Body Piercings Only	Tattoos Only	Both Body Piercing and Tattoos	No Body Art
Freshman	63	7	14	86
Sophomore	45	11	10	64
Junior	20	9	7	43
Senior	21	17	23	55

Calculate the test statistic. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)
χ² =

What is the P-value for the test? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)
P-value =

Answer 1

Df = (r-1)(c-1) = 3*3=9

Where r=no.of rows=4 and c=no.of columns=4