Question

A researcher obtains a negative value for chi-square statistic. What can you conclude because the value is negative?

a. There are large differences between the observed and expected frequencies.

b. The observed frequencies are consistently larger than the expected frequencie

c. The researcher made a mistake; the value of chi-square cannot be negative.

d.The expected frequencies are consistently larger than the observed frequencies.

chi-square test for independence is used to evaluate the relationship between two variables. If both variables are classified into 2 categories, then what is the df value for the chi-square statistic?

a. 4

b.3

c.1

d.2

What is referred to by the term observed frequencies?

a.The frequencies found in the sample data

b. The frequencies that are hypothesized for the population being examined

c. The frequencies found in the population being examined

d. The frequencies computed from the null hypothesis

What is referred to by the term expected frequencies?

a. The frequencies computed from the null hypothesis

b. The frequencies that are hypothesized for the population being examined

c. The frequencies found in the sample data

d. The frequencies found in the population being examined

Answer 1

(1) We know that the chi-square is the sum of square of difference between observed and expected frequencies divided by the expected frequency. So, it is clear that the chi-square value can never be negative because sum of squares is always positive.

option C is correct

(2) Formula for degree of freedom for chi-square is given

df = (row-1)*(column-1)

it is given that row = 2 and column =2

so, df = (2-1)*(2-1) = 1* 1= 1

Option C is correct

(3) Observed frequencies are the frequencies which are present in the sample data or we can say null values which are present earlier and not hypothesized.

So, option A is correct

(4) Expected frequencies are the frequencies which are not present in the sample data or we can say alternate values which are not present earlier and are hypothesized values.

So, option B is correct