Question

5. Which of the following is an example of the hidden third variable problem?
   1. Jeff conducts a correlation analysis to determine if there is a relationship between age and number of times a person has traveled outside of the country. He finds no correlation between the two variables.
   2. Justin conducts a correlation analysis to see if there is a relationship between % of surface body hair and risk of having a stroke in males. He finds a strong, positive correlation. However, he neglected to measure testosterone levels, which can influence both body hair and risk of stroke.
   3. Caitlin conducts a correlation analysis to see if there is a relationship between the age someone begins learning Spanish and their score on a Spanish competency test. She finds a strong, negative correlation and does not try to make causal inferences.
   4. Alaina conducts a correlation analysis to see if there is a relationship between how many years someone owns a cat and a person’s age at death. She finds a strong, positive correlation. However, she does not know if owning a large number of cats increased life expectancy or if life expectancy increased the number of cats a person owned.

6. Please explain why you chose your answer above (i.e., why are the other options not correct):_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Answer 1

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ANSWER:

CORRECT ANSWER:

Justin conducts a correlation analysis to see if there is a relationship between % of surface body hair and risk of having a stroke in males. He finds a strong, positive correlation. However, he neglected to measure testosterone levels, which can influence both body hair and risk of stroke.

• BECAUSE REMAINING CORRELATIONS ARE NOT HIDING ANY THIRD VARIEBLE CONFOUNDING THE EFFECTS
• No lurking/confounding variable here either.

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