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A professor tests whether the loudness of noise during an exam (low, medium, and high) is...

A professor tests whether the loudness of noise during an exam (low, medium, and high) is independent of exam grades (pass, fail). The following table shows the observed frequencies for this test. Noise Level Low Medium High Exam Pass 19 16 9 44 Fail 9 6 10 25 28 22 19 N = 69 (a) Conduct a chi-square test for independence at a 0.05 level of significance. (Round your answer to two decimal places.) $ \chi_{obt}^2 $ = Incorrect: Your answer is incorrect. Decide whether to retain or reject the null hypothesis. Retain the null hypothesis. Reject the null hypothesis. Correct: Your answer is correct. (b) Compute effect size using Cramer's V. (Round your answer to two decimal places.) V = Incorrect: Your answer is incorrect.

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