A random sample of companies in electric utilities (I), financial services (II), and food processing (III) gave the following information regarding annual profits per employee (units in thousands of dollars).
I | II | III |
49.8 | 55.6 | 39.1 |
43.2 | 25.0 | 37.7 |
32.2 | 41.4 | 10.5 |
27.1 | 29.5 | 32.1 |
38.6 | 39.5 | 15.6 |
36.3 | 42.4 | |
20.2 |
Shall we reject or not reject the claim that there is no difference in population mean annual profits per employee in each of the three types of companies? Use a 5% level of significance.
(a) What is the level of significance?
State the null and alternate hypotheses.
Ho: ?1 = ?2 = ?3; H1: All three means are different.
Ho: ?1 = ?2 = ?3; H1: At least two means are equal.
Ho: ?1 = ?2 = ?3; H1: Exactly two means are equal.
Ho: ?1 = ?2 = ?3; H1: Not all the means are equal.
(b) Find SSTOT, SSBET, and
SSW and check that SSTOT =
SSBET + SSW. (Use 3 decimal places.)
SSTOT | = | |
SSBET | = | |
SSW | = |
Find d.f.BET, d.f.W,
MSBET, and MSW. (Use 3 decimal
places for MSBET, and
MSW.)
dfBET | = | |
dfW | = | |
MSBET | = | |
MSW | = |
Find the value of the sample F statistic. (Use 3 decimal
places.)
What are the degrees of freedom?
(numerator)
(denominator)
(c) Find the P-value of the sample test statistic. (Use 4
decimal places.)
(d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or
fail to reject the null hypothesis?
Since the P value is greater than the level of significance at ? = 0.05, we do not reject H0.
Since the P value is less than or equal to the level of significance at ? = 0.05, we reject H0.
Since the P value is greater than the level of significance at ? = 0.05, we reject H0.
Since the P value is less than or equal to the level of significance at ? = 0.05, we do not reject H0.
(e) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the
application.
At the 5% level of significance there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the means are not all equal.
At the 5% level of significance there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the means are all equal.
At the 5% level of significance there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the means are all equal.
At the 5% level of significance there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the means are not all equal.
(f) Make a summary table for your ANOVA test.
Source of Variation |
Sum of Squares |
Degrees of Freedom |
MS | F Ratio |
P Value | Test Decision |
Between groups | Do not reject H0/Reject H0. | |||||
Within groups | ||||||
Total |
a) LOS alpha = 0.05
b) Option (D) Ho: ?1 = ?2 = ?3; H1: Not all the means are equal.
c) From the given data
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |||
Total (Ti.) | Ti.^2/ni | ||||||||
I | 49.8 | 43.2 | 32.2 | 27.1 | 38.6 | 36.3 | 20.2 | 247.4 | 8743.822857 |
II | 55.6 | 25 | 41.4 | 29.5 | 39.5 | 191 | 7296.2 | ||
III | 39.1 | 37.7 | 10.5 | 32.1 | 15.6 | 42.4 | 177.4 | 5245.126667 | |
G = | 615.8 | 21285.14952 |
dfBET = 3-1 = 2
dfW = 15
MSBET = 217.9473/2 = 109
MSW = 2040.7704/15 = 136
Value of the sample F statistic = 109 / 136 = 0.80
df = (2,15)
P-value = 0.467
correct answer: option (A) Since the P value is greater than the level of significance at ? = 0.05, we do not reject H0.
Correct answer: At the 5% level of significance there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the means are all equal.
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