Question

While job opportunities for men and women are considerably more balanced than they were 40 years ago, the career aspirations may still differ. Is there a difference in majors chosen by men and women? Using the sample of 200 MBA students (in the data file), conduct a Chi Square Test of Independence to determine if one's choice of major is independent of their gender. Use a .05 significance level.

ID	Gender	Major	Employ	Age	MBA_GPA	BS GPA	Hrs_Studying	Works FT
1	0	No Major	Unemployed	39	2.82	3	10	0
2	1	No Major	Full Time	55	4	4	15	0
3	0	No Major	Part Time	43	3.45	3.5	3	0
4	0	No Major	Full Time	56	2.61	4	4	0
5	1	No Major	Full Time	38	3.5	3.3	5	0
6	0	No Major	Unemployed	54	4	3.05	5	1
7	0	No Major	Full Time	30	3	4	6	0
8	0	No Major	Full Time	37	2.5	3.6	6	0
9	0	No Major	Part Time	38	2.84	3.05	6	0
10	0	No Major	Full Time	42	3.72	3.7	6	0
11	0	No Major	Part Time	52	3.21	3.5	6	0
12	0	No Major	Full Time	35	3.44	3.55	6	0
13	0	No Major	Full Time	37	3.65	2.78	6	0
14	0	No Major	Full Time	53	3.02	3.3	6	0
15	0	No Major	Part Time	51	3.03	3.25	6	0
16	1	No Major	Full Time	40	3.8	4	6	0
17	0	Finance	Full Time	33	4	3.5	6	1
18	0	No Major	Part Time	53	3.26	3.5	7	0
19	0	No Major	Full Time	43	3.53	3.75	6	0
20	0	Finance	Unemployed	35	3.75	3.9	7	0
21	0	No Major	Full Time	57	3.15	3.2	6	0
22	1	No Major	Part Time	32	3.66	3.75	8	0
23	1	No Major	Full Time	59	3.36	3.45	8	0
24	1	No Major	Full Time	48	3.79	2.55	8	0
25	1	No Major	Part Time	34	2.85	3.05	8	0
26	1	No Major	Full Time	53	3.74	3.9	8	0
27	1	No Major	Part Time	35	3.23	4	2	0
28	1	No Major	Unemployed	38	3.52	3.7	2	0
29	1	No Major	Part Time	37	3.32	3.45	2	0
30	0	Finance	Full Time	46	2.89	3.1	2	0
31	0	No Major	Full Time	44	2.83	3.05	1	0
32	0	No Major	Unemployed	31	2.93	3.1	1	0
33	0	No Major	Full Time	51	3.71	3.8	1	0
34	0	Finance	Full Time	47	3.47	2.6	4	0
35	0	No Major	Part Time	56	3.52	3.8	4	0
36	1	Finance	Part Time	42	2.83	4	4	0
37	0	Finance	Full Time	44	3.64	3.55	6	1
38	0	No Major	Unemployed	54	2.96	3.1	6	0
39	0	Finance	Full Time	51	3.59	3.9	6	1
40	0	No Major	Part Time	42	3.33	3.9	6	1
41	0	Finance	Full Time	45	3.38	3.6	6	0
42	0	Finance	Full Time	55	3.44	3.35	6	1
43	0	No Major	Full Time	47	3.31	3.9	7	0
44	1	Finance	Unemployed	43	3.03	3.25	7	0
45	0	Finance	Full Time	57	3.26	3.4	7	1
46	1	Finance	Full Time	36	3.04	4	7	0
47	1	No Major	Part Time	58	2.98	3.1	7	0
48	1	Finance	Full Time	46	2.8	3.05	7	0
49	1	Finance	Full Time	53	3.75	3.75	3	1
50	0	Finance	Full Time	59	3.64	3.65	3	1
51	0	No Major	Full Time	49	3.65	3.8	3	1
52	0	Finance	Full Time	34	3.18	3.3	3	0
53	0	No Major	Full Time	46	3.44	4	3	1
54	1	Finance	Unemployed	46	3.06	3.15	3	1
55	1	Finance	Full Time	33	3.51	3.75	10	0
56	1	Marketing	Part Time	56	3.33	3.4	2	1
57	1	Marketing	Full Time	39	2.81	3.05	2	0
58	1	Marketing	Full Time	51	3.64	3.8	8	1
59	1	Leadership	Part Time	55	3.05	3.4	7	0
60	1	Leadership	Full Time	38	2.85	3.25	3	1
61	1	Marketing	Full Time	33	3.56	3.6	7	1
62	1	Marketing	Full Time	34	2.92	3.1	5	0
63	1	Marketing	Full Time	31	3.35	3.5	7	1
64	1	Marketing	Full Time	37	3.46	3.35	10	1
65	1	Marketing	Full Time	46	3.59	3.75	8	1
66	1	No Major	Unemployed	31	3.11	3.2	6	0
67	1	No Major	Full Time	47	3.65	3.7	8	1
68	1	No Major	Part Time	54	3.17	3.5	7	0
69	1	No Major	Full Time	52	2.97	3.1	5	1
70	1	Marketing	Part Time	43	3.77	3.9	8	1
71	1	Leadership	Full Time	44	3.21	3.2	6	1
72	1	Leadership	Part Time	34	3.17	3.15	6	0
73	1	Leadership	Full Time	59	3.65	3.65	10	0
74	1	Leadership	Full Time	45	2.94	3.1	5	0
75	1	Leadership	Full Time	30	3.53	3.7	8	1
76	1	No Major	Full Time	32	3.65	3.6	7	1
77	1	Leadership	Full Time	32	3.61	3.7	8	1
78	1	No Major	Full Time	40	3.7	3.9	8	1
79	1	Leadership	Full Time	48	2.91	3.1	5	1
80	1	Leadership	Unemployed	51	3.09	3.25	6	0
81	1	Leadership	Full Time	30	3.77	3.95	9	1
82	1	Leadership	Full Time	31	3.79	3.8	8	1
83	1	Leadership	Full Time	35	3.59	3.6	7	)
84	1	Leadership	Full Time	33	3.38	3.5	8	1
85	1	No Major	Full Time	35	4	3.5	8	1
86	1	Marketing	Full Time	31	2.97	3.1	8	0
87	1	Marketing	Full Time	38	3.44	3.65	8	1
88	1	No Major	Part Time	46	3.64	3.55	8	1
89	1	Finance	Full Time	45	3.48	3.4	8	1
90	1	Finance	Full Time	59	2.76	3.1	8	1
91	1	Finance	Full Time	58	3.73	3.8	8	1
92	1	Finance	Full Time	46	2.91	3.05	8	1
93	1	Finance	Full Time	35	3.78	3.95	9	1
94	1	Finance	Part Time	53	3.5	3.4	7	1
95	1	Finance	Full Time	31	3.13	3.15	6	1
96	1	Finance	Full Time	50	3.14	3.25	6	1
97	1	Finance	Full Time	38	3.24	3.3	6	1
98	1	Finance	Full Time	50	3.56	3.5	7	1
99	1	Finance	Full Time	48	3.16	3.25	6	1
100	1	Finance	Full Time	53	3.53	3.55	7	1
101	0	No Major	Unemployed	53	3.7	3.15	6	0
102	0	Marketing	Full Time	30	3.3	3.35	6	1
103	0	Marketing	Part Time	32	4	3.6	7	0
104	0	Leadership	Full Time	42	3.5	3.4	7	0
105	0	Leadership	Full Time	56	3.39	3.4	7	1
106	0	No Major	Full Time	46	3.65	3.8	8	1
107	0	Leadership	Full Time	49	2.78	3.7	8	1
108	0	No Major	Part Time	32	3.44	3.6	7	0
109	0	No Major	Full Time	36	3.88	3.95	9	1
110	0	No Major	Full Time	42	2.84	3.95	9	1
111	0	No Major	Part Time	37	3.53	3.6	7	1
112	0	No Major	Full Time	31	3.22	3.3	6	0
113	0	No Major	Full Time	31	3.56	3.8	8	1
114	0	No Major	Unemployed	42	3.2	3.25	6	1
115	0	No Major	Full Time	39	3.56	3.3	6	1
116	0	No Major	Full Time	47	3.41	3.6	7	1
117	0	Leadership	Part Time	28	3.56	3.7	8	1
118	0	Leadership	Unemployed	28	3.34	3.6	7	0
119	0	Leadership	Full Time	52	2.56	3.6	7	1
120	0	Leadership	Part Time	35	3.76	3.8	8	1
121	1	Finance	Full Time	38	3.55	3.45	7	1
122	1	No Major	Full Time	44	3.88	3.9	8	1
123	1	No Major	Part Time	38	3.31	3.45	7	1
124	1	Finance	Full Time	52	3.09	3.15	6	1
125	1	Finance	Unemployed	53	3.82	4	9	0
126	1	Finance	Part Time	53	3.01	3.2	6	1
127	1	Finance	Full Time	31	3.66	3.85	8	1
128	1	Finance	Part Time	47	3.64	3.7	8	1
129	1	Finance	Full Time	51	3.59	3.65	7	1
130	1	Finance	Unemployed	37	3.49	3.55	7	1
131	1	Finance	Part Time	46	3.13	3.2	6	1
132	1	Finance	Full Time	48	3.83	3.9	8	1
133	1	Leadership	Full Time	54	3.04	3.15	6	1
134	1	Leadership	Full Time	48	3.91	4	10	1
135	1	Leadership	Full Time	36	3.56	3.7	8	1
136	1	Finance	Unemployed	39	3.96	4	9	1
137	1	Finance	Full Time	28	3.46	3.4	7	1
138	1	Finance	Part Time	45	3.22	3.15	6	0
139	1	Finance	Full Time	31	3.27	3.2	6	0
140	1	Finance	Full Time	47	3.43	3.45	7	1
141	1	Finance	Part Time	35	3.85	3.95	9	1
142	1	Finance	Full Time	52	3.89	3.9	8	1
143	0	Finance	Part Time	52	3.37	3.45	7	1
144	1	Finance	Unemployed	55	3.32	3.3	6	0
145	1	Finance	Full Time	52	3.54	3.55	7	1
146	1	Finance	Part Time	46	3.8	3.9	8	1
147	1	Leadership	Full Time	31	3.74	3.85	8	1
148	1	Leadership	Unemployed	33	3.6	3.45	7	1
149	1	Leadership	Part Time	45	2.6	3.55	7	1
150	1	Leadership	Unemployed	50	3.8	3.3	6	1
151	1	No Major	Part Time	33	2.67	3.45	7	1
152	1	No Major	Full Time	37	3.95	4	9	1
153	1	No Major	Unemployed	33	3.56	3.75	8	0
154	1	Marketing	Full Time	46	3.79	3.75	8	1
155	1	Marketing	Unemployed	55	3.93	4	9	1
156	1	Marketing	Full Time	30	3.79	3.85	8	1
157	1	Marketing	Full Time	51	3.71	3.85	8	1
158	1	Marketing	Unemployed	35	3.05	3.35	6	1
159	1	Marketing	Unemployed	40	3.22	3.2	6	1
160	0	Marketing	Part Time	29	3.85	3.95	9	1
161	1	Marketing	Full Time	52	3.82	3.95	9	1
162	1	Marketing	Unemployed	27	3.23	3.95	9	1
163	1	Marketing	Full Time	51	3.56	3.65	7	1
164	0	Marketing	Part Time	56	3.53	3.65	7	1
165	1	Marketing	Unemployed	35	3.62	4	9	1
166	1	Leadership	Full Time	46	3.8	3.95	9	1
167	1	Leadership	Part Time	39	3.47	3.35	6	0
168	1	Leadership	Full Time	31	3.64	3.65	7	1
169	1	Leadership	Part Time	52	3.03	3.15	5	1
170	1	Leadership	Unemployed	35	3.17	3.25	6	1
171	1	Leadership	Full Time	32	3.22	3.2	6	1
172	0	Leadership	Part Time	44	3.92	4	10	1
173	1	Leadership	Unemployed	43	3.82	3.95	9	1
174	1	Leadership	Part Time	38	3.26	3.55	7	1
175	1	Leadership	Full Time	54	3.8	3.85	8	1
176	1	Leadership	Full Time	30	3.2	3.2	6	0
177	0	Leadership	Part Time	38	3.46	3.35	6	1
178	1	Leadership	Full Time	45	3.67	3.75	8	1
179	1	Leadership	Unemployed	48	4	3.4	7	0
180	1	Leadership	Full Time	43	3.66	3.85	8	0
181	0	Leadership	Full Time	34	3.96	4	10	1
182	1	Leadership	Full Time	54	3.75	3.85	8	1
183	1	Leadership	Full Time	36	3.83	3.85	8	1
184	1	Leadership	Full Time	45	3.55	3.2	6	1
185	0	Leadership	Unemployed	55	3.36	3.35	6	1
186	1	Leadership	Part Time	45	3.21	3.25	6	1
187	1	Leadership	Part Time	34	2.97	3.15	5	1
188	0	Leadership	Part Time	54	3.99	4	10	1
189	1	Leadership	Full Time	36	3.07	3.15	6	1
190	1	Leadership	Full Time	24	3.65	3.65	7	1
191	1	Leadership	Full Time	34	3.67	3.85	8	1
192	1	Leadership	Full Time	45	3.06	3.35	6	0
193	1	Leadership	Unemployed	33	3.98	3.7	8	1
194	1	Leadership	Full Time	22	3.93	4	10	1
195	1	Leadership	Unemployed	27	3.41	3.3	6	0
196	1	Leadership	Unemployed	33	3.43	3.5	7	1
197	1	Leadership	Unemployed	36	3.7	3.65	7	0
198	1	Leadership	Unemployed	34	3.76	3.75	8	1
199	1	Leadership	Unemployed	55	3.9	3.9	8	0
200	1	Leadership	Full Time	33	3.23	3.3	6	1

Answer 1

Choice

Gender Finance Leadership Marketing No Major

Men 12 12 4 36

Women 39 51 21 25

Pearson's Chi-squared test

X-squared = 29.941, df = 3, p-value = 1.42e-06

Since,in the question it wasnt mentioned whether men was 1 or 0,we have assumed men=0 and women=1.

Interpretation-Here the null hypothesis is :The attributes are independent of each other.

Since the p value <0.05,therefore,the null hypothesis is rejected at 5% level of significance.

Hence,here the choice of major and gender are not independent of each other.