Question

If the p-value for an association was 0.01, which of the following might you eliminate as an explanation for the result:

A. Poor study design

B. Confounding

C. Chance

D. Selection bias

You are interested in determining the relationship between smoking and depression. You calculate a crude Odds Ratio of 4. You also calculate gender-specific OR's of 2 for men and 6 for women. In this example, gender is

A. A confounder

B. An effect modifier

C. A mediator

D. Both A and B

Which of the following is the preferred measure for evaluating screening effectiveness?

A. Incidence

B. Prevalence

C. Survival

D. Mortality

Answer 1

If the p-value for an association was 0.01, which of the following might you eliminate as an explanation for the result:

C. Chance

You are interested in determining the relationship between smoking and depression. You calculate a crude Odds Ratio of 4. You also calculate gender-specific OR's of 2 for men and 6 for women. In this example, gender is

B. An effect modifier

(OR for men and women are different).

Which of the following is the preferred measure for evaluating screening effectiveness?

D. Mortality

(Screening effectiveness is ultimately measured by its ability to reduce morbidity and mortality of the disease.)