Question

2. Provide an example to illustrate Simpson’s Paradox.

Answer 1

Simpson’s paradox, also called Yule-Simpson effect, in statistics, an effect that occurs when the marginal association between two categorical variables is qualitatively different from the partial association between the same two variables after controlling for one or more other variables

Example:

A baseball player can have higher batting average than another on each of two years, but lower than the other when the two are combined. In one case, David Justice had a higher batting average than Derek Jeter in 1995 and 1996, but across the two years, Jeter's average was higher.