16. Explain the source and derivation (w/o deriving) the t-Test, its use, and possible abuses (what it is an is not!).
A t-test is a type of inferential statistic used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two groups, which may be related in certain features.
A t-test looks at the t-statistic, the t-distribution values, and the degrees of freedom to determine the statistical significance.
The term "t-statistic" is abbreviated from "hypothesis test statistic". In statistics, the t-distribution was first derived as a posterior distribution in 1876 by Helmert and Lüroth. The t-distribution also appeared in a more general form as Pearson Type IV distribution in Karl Pearson's 1895 paper.
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