Question

Two groups of patients were chosen in order to compare a new treatment with a standard treatment. One group of patients received the new treatment and one group received the standard treatment. Some patients in each group had an adverse outcome and some patients in each group had a good outcome. Given the following data: Number of patients (total) = 4,697 Number of patients who had an adverse outcome with the new treatment = 168 Number of patients who had an adverse outcome with the standard treatment = 205 Number of patients who had a good outcome with the new treatment = 2,257 Number of patients who had a good outcome with the standard treatment = 2,067 a. Construct, label, and completely fill in a 2 x 2 decision table that accurately reflects the data: (6 points) b. Calculate the relative risk of an adverse outcome for the new treatment (2 points) c. Calculate the relative risk reduction for the new treatment (2 points) d. Calculate the risk difference (2 points) e. Calculate the number needed to treat for the new treatment (2 points) f. Calculate the odds ratio for the new treatment compared to the standard treatment (2 points) Show all work that includes the formulas used for your calculations, please dont post is as a pic im not good at reading handwriting.

I need hep with answering questions d, e, and f for this question.

Answer 1

a)

The 2 x 2 decision table is define as,

	Adverse outcome	Good Outcome
New Treatment	a	b
Standard Treatment	c	d

Wherre

a = Number of patients with adverse outcome with the new treatment = 168

b = Number of patients with good outcome with the new treatment = 2,067

c = Number of patients with adverse outcome with the standard treatment = 205

d = Number of patients with good outcome with the standard treatment = 2,257

Now, the table is,

	Adverse outcome	Good Outcome
New Treatment	168	2067
Standard Treatment	205	2257

b)

Relative Risk (RR) of the adverse outcome in the new treatment group (Y) compared to the risk in the control group is obtained using the formula,

c)

Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) is obtained by taking difference in risk between the standard group and the new treatment group,

d)

Risk Difference (RD) is obtained by taking difference in risk between the new treatment group and the standard group ,

e)

The Number needed to treat (NNT) is the number of patients that must be treated over a given period of time to prevent one adverse outcome. Thr MNT is obtained using the formula,

f)

The Odd ratiois a relative measure of outcome having in new experimental group to standard group.