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A study was conducted to look at the environmental risk factors of renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) (kidney...

  1. A study was conducted to look at the environmental risk factors of renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) (kidney cancer) and to assess whether genetic factors modify the role of environmental risk factors, namely smoking. There were a total of 69 cases (with kidney cancer) and 123 controls (without kidney cancer) studied. Each subject was classified according to smoking status. The contingency table follows:

  2. Case

    Control

    Smoker

    50

    54

    Non-smoker

    19

    69
  3. Is this study prospective or retrospective?      Retrospective
  4. Create a 95% confidence interval for the odds ratio in favor of kidney cancer for smokers vs non-smokers.
Math   Statistics-And-Probability   
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