Question

1. Is this association quantitative? If so, what is the arithmetic size of the association?

2. What kind of study is this? Experiment or Observational study.

3. If Experiment, which kind? scientific or clinical trial (random assignment)
If Observational, which kind? Longitudinal or cross-sectional.

4. Is the study controlled? If so, what is the control group?

5. Is small sample size a confounder?

6. What could confound the observed association?
Give two confounders and indicate how they would function --
or indicate why this association is not confounded.

http://www.statlit.org/cp/2006-Bigger-Tableware-Helps-Widen-Waistlines.pdf

Answer 1

1.

Yes, this association is quantitative.

Giving people larger bowl increases intake by = 31%

Giving people a larger spoon increases intake by = 14.5%

2.

Experimental

3.

Scientific

4.

Yes

People which have 17-ounce bowls and two-ounce serving scoops

5.

Yes

6.

Since it is a randomization process, confounder variable will only affect the dependent variable as the independent variable is not in their control.

a. Diet of the people

It may so happen that people with heavier diet are assigned bigger bowls and scoops and thus heavier intake is not because of the large tableware but the diet of the person.

b. Liking towards ice cream

It may so happen that people who were picked bigger tableware like ice cream more as compared to people with less tableware.

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