Question

1. Compare and contrast the fight-or-flight and tend-and-befriend responses to stress. Brief detailed 1-2 paragraphs.

2. Stephen has been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder after surviving a mass shooting at a nightclub. For each of these three treatments for PTSD, write one or two sentences describing what Stephen might experience during the therapy: (1) exposure therapy for PTSD, (2) cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and (3) eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).

Answer 1

The fight-or-flight is a stress response which allows one to fight against a threat if overcoming the threat is likely or flee if overcoming the threat is unlikely. This response is characterized by the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and is mediated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the nervous system. On the other hand, the tend-and-befriend response has been proposed as an alternative model to better explain stress response mechanisms among females. This response involves tending to one's offsprings in times of stress and befriending those around in times of stress to increase the likelihood of survival. Mediated by oxytocin, the tend-and-befriend response is a protective mechanism for the female and her offspring, particularly due to the fact that a group has better chances of survial than an individual alone.
Please post the other questions separately as we are supposed to answer just one question or four sub parts of the same question.