Question

1. Stephanie drinks frequently and requires more alcohol now than she did six months ago to become inebriated. Stephanie also smoke tobacco and has started to realize that she needs more cigarettes to achieve the same feelings of stress relief than she used to need. Stephanie is probably

A. developing tolerance toward nicotine

B. developing tolerance toward alcohol

C. developing symptoms of withdrawal

D. experiencing the effects of cross-tolerance between nicotine and alcohol

2. The criteria for substance use disorder in the DSM-5 include all of the following EXCECT

A. failure to meet obligations B. tolerance C. Much time spent trying to obtain the substance D. repeated sales of illegal substances 3. In Dissociative Identity Disorder, additional personalities are referred to as: A. dissociations B. possessors C. alters D. delusions

Answer 1

1.Option D)

Cross tolerance is when tolerance towards one drug cause tolerance towards another dug generally having similar effects.Alcohol is one substance which can develop cross tolerance for many class of drugs including nicotine.

2. Option D)

.impairment of control- Much time spent trying to obtain the substance

social impairment criteria-failure to meet obligations

Pharmacological criteria- tolerance

3.Option C)

In DID, there are atleast two distinct personality states that are present in the individual, taking alternate turns to be in control of the individual, they may or may not be aware of each other.These multiple personality states are called alters.