Question

1.Individual differences between people (e.g. intelligence, personality, etc.) are mostly an issue for hiding true experimental effects in which kind of experiment?

a. independent / between groups design

b.dependent / within groups design

c.correlational design

d.within groups factorial design

2.In a study on the effects of environmental temperature on memory, Dr. Susan recruited fifteen adolescent teenagers (age 14-17), fifteen college-age young adults (age 19-24), and fifteen retired older adults (age 65+). All of the participants studied lists of words in either a very hot room (90 degrees Fahrenheit) or a very cold room (45 degrees Fahrenheit).
What are the IVs in this study?

Answer 1

1.Option A)

In within subject designs, the same participants are involved in different treatment groups, reducing the effect of individual differences.

In Between Subject design, although researchers try to make both groups similar by randomly assigning groups, it is is likely that participant variable will still show its effects.If a sample is assessed for IQ and equally distributed between the 2 groups, there can still be personality differences that can become extraneous variable.

2.There are two independent variables in this study

i)age of participant - three levels - adolescent teenagers ,college-age young adults , retired older adults

ii)room temperature - hot(90° F) , cold(45° F)