Question

1) How does Mill respond to those who point out that some people desire virtue as an end in itself?

	a.	by showing that they have misunderstood the meaning of virtue.
	b.	by arguing that virtue is part of their idea of happiness
	c.	by claiming that the immoral person can be happy
	d.	all of these

2) According to act utilitarianism

		There are no exceptions to moral rules: if something is wrong, it is wrong in all situations
		Something that is considered wrong in one situation might not be considered wrong in a different situation.
		We all have a right to act according to our own desires without interference from society
		Pleasure is good but cannot always be measured.

3) Moore points out that

	a.	Mill's so-called qualitative distinction among pleasures just collapses into a quantitative one given that Mill fails to count everyone's interests.
	b.	Mill's so-called qualitative distinction among pleasures proves that base pleasures are often more desirable than "higher" ones.
	c.	Mill's so-called qualitative distinction among pleasures is based on people coming to agreement about what they find pleasurable.
	d.	Mill's so-called qualitative distinction among pleasures just collapses into a quantitative one given that Mill also says that thinking of an object as desirable and as pleasant are the same thing.

Answer 1

1 - (b) - According to Mill, virtue can become an ingredient of happiness like power, fame and money.

2 - (b) - According to act utilitarianism actions are considered morally right if it produces greatest happiness for highest number of people. So, some actions considered wrong in one situation might be considered right when it produces happiness for greatest number of people.

3 - (d) -  Mill tries to show that pleasure alone is desired. But Moore points that there are times when other things beside pleasure are desired. Sometimes pleasure is the cause of desire and it is not necessary that thinking of an object as desirable and pleasant are same thing.