Question

7. Which of the following was the earliest criminological theory?

    

A. Economic

B. Classical

C. Neoclassical

D. Demonological

8. Bob is caught shoplifting. All of his friends and family now think badly of him and tell him so. Which
of the following theories predicts that Bob may shoplift in the future because of his past experience?

    

A. Labeling theory

B. Postmodernism

C. Typologies

D. Radical criminology

9. Who defined only two types of criminals, "acute criminals" and "chronic offenders," with several
subtypes?

    

A. Schafer

B. Glaser

C. Gibbons

D. Abrahamsen

10. Who claimed that most delinquents act out "subterranean values" that exist alongside conventional
values in a pluralistic society?

    

A. Albert Cohen

B. The Chicago School

C. David Matza

D. Sigmund Freud

11. Choose the correct example of shaming theory.

    

A. Yoshiko is embarrassed after being mugged and doesn't call the police to report it.

B. Ralph has no place in the community after going to prison, so he returns to his life of crime.

C. Javier was raised with poor self-image and believes he's only smart enough to be a thief.

D. Susan wants to steal a necklace, but she doesn't out of fear of being caught and ridiculed.

Answer 1

7 - (d)

Explanation - Demonology was the first school of criminology which believed that people commit crimes under the influence of demons. According to demonology people were not considered responsible for the crimes as they have no control over their behaviour.

8 - (a)

Explanation - Labeling theory states that people behave in ways other labels them. According to it when society labels and view other person as criminal it actually encourages them to involve in such acts.