Question

Discuss any two of Davis and Moore’s main principles in their study of the education system....

Discuss any two of Davis and Moore’s main principles in their study of the education system. Debunk one of these perspectives.

Homework Answers

Answer #1
  • Davis and Moore examined role allocation. They believe that education selects talented individuals and allocates them to the most important roles in society. Higher rewards for jobs such as GP’s and pilots encourages competition. Davis and Moore believe that education sifts and sorts according to ability.
  • They say that every society sorts its members into different position. They think that these are rules for how education does this – called ‘principles of stratification’.
  • They believe that there has to be a system of unequal rewards (more money or status) to motivate people to train for the top position. They added that education sorts people out according to their talents and abilities. According to them those who do best at school will do best in societies.
  • Davis and Moore argue that without the stratification system, society would break down. stratification has the function of role allocation. It makes sure the most able and talented to do the most important job. Inequality and reward and status are essential to motivate the best individuals to take on the roles and jobs. These roles require long period of training.High rewards compensate people for spending a long time in education and training. This argument is often used to justify high rewards given to company directors and even famous sport stars.
  • The main function of stratification is “placing and motivating individuals in the social structure.”
  • 1. Each society must (a) place individuals in social positions and (b) motivate them to work.
  • 2. Some positions are more functionally important than others and/or require more training or talent
    than others.
  • 3. Societies place appropriate (i.e., skilled and trained) people in these positions and motivate them
    to work by connecting these positions to better rewards.
  • 4. Thus, the resulting stratification system is functional for society.
  • According to Davis and Moore, a firefighter’s job is more important than, for instance, a grocery store cashier’s. The cashier position does not require the same skill and training level as firefighting. Without the incentive of higher pay and better benefits, why would someone be willing to rush into burning buildings? If pay levels were the same, the firefighter might as well work as a grocery store cashier. Davis and Moore believed that rewarding more important work with higher levels of income, prestige, and power encourages people to work harder and longer.
  • Davis and Moore stated that, in most cases, the degree of skill required for a job determines that job’s importance. They also stated that the more skill required for a job, the fewer qualified people there would be to do that job. Certain jobs, such as cleaning hallways or answering phones, do not require much skill. The employees don’t need a college degree. Other work, like designing a highway system or delivering a baby, requires immense skill.
  • The Davis-Moore thesis, though open for debate, was an early attempt to explain why stratification exists. The thesis states that social stratification is necessary to promote excellence, productivity, and efficiency, thus giving people something to strive for. Davis and Moore believed that the system serves society as a whole because it allows everyone to benefit to a certain extent.
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