Question

According to the doctrine of double effect,

	a.	effects are sometimes dependent, and sometimes independent.
	b.	effects are always dependent, and never independent.
	c.	effects are always dependent, and never independent, because everybody has his own moral values.
	d.	effects are always dependent and independent at the same time, because anything else would be a contradiction.

Answer 1

Doctrine of double effect claims that in some situations a good effect occurs along with a bad effect. Good effect is intended but not foreseen and if it is foreseen it is not intended. Bad effect is although foreseen but it is not intended and it is intended it is not foreseen. It is an act which is committed with an intention that its bad consequences are not intended although such consequences will arise after an event like divorce or abortion of child during preganancy and euthanasia. It was given by Thomas Aquinas.

answer-d) The effects of double doctrine are independent of each other and are not dependent. These are analyzed as consequences of some effects or side-effects. It was explained by Davis in 1984 and McIntyre in 2001.