There is a negative correlation between the row that a student sits in in a large class (when the rows are numbered from front to back) and his/her final grade in the class. Do you think this represents a causal relationship or a spurious relationship, and why?
By the scientific approach, we cannot find any valid and reliable co-relation between numbered rows and grades of students.
Coincidently, we can get some relation, but the co-relation do not suggest any thing or idea, it just show the Grades which student get and the digit of the row where student sit.
So finally we can urge that above statement shows a casual co-relation between Grades and rows.
Reason- When we measure the co-relation between numbered rows and grades, sometimes we can find the same grade with the same number of row so that some students can suggest the probability but it doesn’t mean that numbered rows related with grades. On the other hand we can get a positive co-relation between proper study and grades.
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