Since you have posted multiple questions, I am going to answer first one. I hope it helps. Thanks
1. Short-term memory is a part of working memory. It bsically contains what you are consciously aware of at any given moment. It is also the only active part of memory, which is considered as the smallest part of memory. Because it can hold only a very small amount of information at any one time, working memory is the bottle-neck that limits how much information you can get from the masses of information reaching your senses. It lasts only for a minute (~0.5 to 2) if the information in it is not actively rehearsed.
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