Question

A glossary is a collection of specialized terms with their meanings. Please define the following 12 term. Adobe, American Scene Painting, Ashcan School, codex, Federal Art Project, Folk Art, Harlem Renaissance, Hudson River School, Indian Removal Bill, National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), primitive and pueblo.

Answer 1

Adobe: Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American multinational computer software company. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, United States.

American Scene Painting: American Scene Painting is a naturalist style of paintings and art popular during the first half of the 20th century in the United States. The artists of the movement depicted scenes of typical American life and landscape painted in a naturalistic, descriptive style. "American Scene" is an umbrella term for the rural 'American Regionalism' and the urban and politically-oriented 'Social Realism', but its specific boundaries remain ambiguous.

Ashcan School: The Ashcan school, also called the Ash Can School, was an artistic movement in the United States during the early 20th century.It is known for works portraying scenes of daily life in New York, often in the city's poorer neighborhoods. The most famous artists working in this style included Robert Henri (1865–1929), George Luks (1867–1933), William Glackens (1870–1938), John Sloan (1871–1951), and Everett Shinn (1876–1953). The movement has been seen as emblematic of the spirit of political rebellion of the period.

Codex: A codex is a book constructed of a number of sheets of paper, vellum, papyrus, or similar materials. The term is now usually only used in manuscript books, with hand-written contents but describes the format that is now near-universal for printed books in the Western world. The book is usually bound by stacking the pages and fixing one edge and using a cover thicker than the sheets. The alternative to paged codex format for a long document is the continuous scroll. Examples of folded codices include the Maya codices. Sometimes people use the term for a book-style format, including modern printed books but excluding folded books.

Federal Art Project: The Federal Art Project (1935–43) was a New Deal program to fund the visual arts in the United States. Under national director Holger Cahill, it was one of five Federal Project Number One projects. It was sponsored by the Works Progress Administration (WPA), and the largest of the New Deal art projects. It was created not as a cultural activity but as a relief measure to employ artists and artisans to create murals, easel paintings, sculpture, graphic art, posters, photography, theatre scenic design, and arts and crafts. The WPA Federal Art Project established more than 100 community art centers throughout the country, researched and documented American design, commissioned a significant body of public art without restriction to content or subject matter, and sustained some 10,000 artists and craft workers during the Great Depression.

Folk Art: Folk art mainly is the art produced from an indigenous culture or by peasants or other laboring tradespeople. In contrast to fine art, folk art is primarily utilitarian and decorative rather than purely aesthetic.

Harlem Renaissance: The Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem, New York. The Harlem Renaissance is generally considered to have spanned from about 1918 until the mid-1930s.During the time, it was known as the "New Negro Movement", named after the 1925 anthology by Alain Locke. The Movement also included the new African-American cultural expressions across the urban areas in the Northeast and Midwest United States affected by the African-American Great Migration of which Harlem was the largest. The Harlem Renaissance was considered to be a rebirth of African-American arts. Though it was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan in New York City, many francophone black writers from African and Caribbean colonies who lived in Paris were also influenced by the Harlem Renaissance.

Hudson River School: The Hudson River School was a mid-19th-century American art movement embodied by a group of landscape painters whose aesthetic vision was influenced by romanticism.

Indian Removal Bill: The Indian Removal Act was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830, authorizing the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. A few tribes went peacefully, but many resisted the relocation policy.

National Endowment for the Arts (NEA): The National Endowment for the Arts is an independent federal agency that funds, promotes, and strengthens the creative capacity of our communities by providing all Americans with diverse opportunities for arts participation.

Primitive: Being the first or earliest of the kind or in existence, especially in an early age of the world.

Pueblo: The communal dwelling of an American Indian village of Arizona, New Mexico, and adjacent areas consisting of a contiguous flat-roofed stone or adobe houses in groups sometimes several stories high.