Question

1.

The ability to cope with stress and adversity, to adapt to negative or unforeseen circumstances, and to rebound after negative experiences is called:

	adversity.
	readjustment.
	stress.
	resilience.

2.

Continuous or ongoing stress is referred to as:

	chronic stress.
	cumulative adversity.
	anxiety.
	daily hassles.

3.

One explanation of why daily hassles take such a large toll on people is that the effect of minor stressors is:

	marginal.
	frequent.
	immediate.
	cumulative.

4.

During her final year of medical training, Lissette was under constant pressure. She never seemed to get enough sleep, she was anxious and nervous most of the time, and she suffered many physical symptoms and disorders. As a result of the prolonged physical and emotional stress, it is likely that her hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal cortex worked together to release stress-related hormones called:

	corticosteroids.
	acetylcholine.
	lymphocytes.
	catecholamines.

5.

Dr. Blackman studies the interconnections among psychological processes, the nervous and endocrine systems, and the immune system. Like other specialists in the field of psychoneuroimmunology, Dr. Blackman is aware that researchers have discovered all of the following EXCEPT that:

	lymphocytes themselves produce neurotransmitters and hormones.
	the surfaces of lymphocytes contain receptor sites for neurotransmitters and hormones, including catecholamines and cortisol.
	the immune system and the central nervous system are only remotely related to one another.
	the central nervous system and the immune system are directly linked.

6.

Hans Selye examined the effects of prolonged stress on rats. Which of the following is NOT one of the physical changes he noticed in the rats.

	The endocrine system was deactivated.
	Stomach ulcers and weight loss occurred.
	The adrenal glands became enlarged.
	The thymus gland and lymph glands shrank.

7.

Mimi wants advice on how to cope with the stress of returning to college after being out of school for several years. She would be BEST advised to approach her classes:

	with a sense of personal control and optimism.
	using an emotion-focused coping strategy called distancing.
	with a realistic but pessimistic attitude.
	using an emotion-focused coping strategy called denial.

8.

Research has shown that positive emotions are associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

	chronic disease
	a decrease in illnesses
	longevity
	less pain

9.

_____ is characterized by a sense of time urgency, hostility, and competitiveness.

	An optimistic explanatory style
	The Type B behavior pattern
	The Type A behavior pattern
	A pessimistic explanatory style

10.

After his third month of low sales, Ali is called into the sales manager's office and told that he had better start meeting his quota or he will be laid off. The manager appears to be coping with the problem of low sales by using a(n) _____ coping strategy called _____.

	emotion-focused; escape-avoidance
	problem-focused; confrontive coping
	problem-focused; planful problem solving
	emotion-focused; distancing

11.

Gregory was very disappointed when he wasn't accepted into the graduate program at State University. On reflection, however, he decided that the preparations he had made in putting his application together and the knowledge he gained from the interview were both very beneficial experiences. Gregory is using a(n) _____ coping strategy called _____.

	emotion-focused; positive reappraisal
	emotion-focused; escape-avoidance
	problem-focused; confrontive coping
	problem-focused; planful problem solving

12.

The emotion-focused coping strategy called "distancing" occurs when a person:

	acknowledges the stressor but attempts to minimize or eliminate its emotional impact.
	attempts to maximize the emotional impact of the situation.
	cognitively appraises the situation and then seeks out social support.
	does not acknowledge the stressor and does not attempt in any way to deal with it.

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Answer 1

1. resilience
2. daily hassles
3. cumulative: minor events add up
4. catecholamines

6.The endocrine system was deactivated.

7. With a sense of personal control and optimism

8.Chronic disease

9.The Type B behavior plan

10.problem-focused; planful problem solving

11.emotion-focused; positive reappraisal
12. cognitively appraises the situation and then seeks out social support.9. Type A individuals are aggressive, ambitious, controlling, highly competitive, preoccupied with status, workaholics, hostile, and lack patience.

chronic disease