case study can be one method to understan it but i don't think you would be able to understand the long-lasting consequences with it as case study majorly focus on the things that have already happened or happening. Though if you take up a case study of 9/11 victims then you might be able to understand the consequences faced by American population after 9/11.
You also need to understand the advantages and disadvantages of this approach:
1. you should have professional skills to go with this kind of research
2. biases can occur easily in qualitative research
3. will your participants would be able to give you enough time to conduct case study on them?
Another research design you can take is quasi experimental design: where you interview the people before the event and after the event to see what changes occurred.
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