Question

Complete the following chart. For each age range, identify and describe 2-3 changes or characteristics in physical, cognitive, socioemotional, and moral development. Additionally, for each age range, identify one toy or activity that would be most appropriate for this age, and briefly explain why.

NOTE: You must write in complete sentences. Make sure that you define any terms used (for example, don't just write: "They have theory of mind." - you must explain what Theory of Mind is if you are going to identify it as a characteristic). Remember, you are demonstrating your knowledge of child development in this assignment, so make sure that you are specific and detailed! Be sure to cite your sources using APA format.

Age (in years)	Physical Development	Cognitive Development	Socioemotional Development	Moral Development	Toy/Activity
2-4	1. 2. 3.	1. 2. 3.	1. 2. 3.	1. 2. 3.
5-8	1. 2. 3.	1. 2. 3.	1. 2. 3.	1. 2. 3.
9-12	1. 2. 3.	1. 2. 3.	1. 2. 3.	1. 2. 3.

Answer 1

2-4 years

Physical development- 1. They become more comfortable with mivements i.e. their speed increases

2. Coordination becomes better i.e. they start catching. Balls with the use of hand eye coordination

3. Balance i.e. they start walking in line and standing etc

Cognitive- 1. Self identification. They start identifying themselves in the mirror

2. Identification of objects which involves classifying and grouping objects based on features and attributes

3. Organisation of objects i.e. they start identifying parts of whole and organise things accordingly

Socioemotional- 1. Understand gender differences i.e. difference in boys and girls

2. Interacts with others. The child starts playing with other children

3. Directional knowledge. The starts following simple directions

Moral- 1. The child realises other people have needs and rights like them

2. The child develops morally i.e. they will know which act is wrong and associate it to punishments but dont know why is it wrong

3. The child develops guilt mechanism i.e. if others cry or become sad because of their behavior they will feel guilty and know that the behavior is wrong

Toy/activity- catching balls or running

5-8 years

Physical-1. They can talk clearly

2. Show agility i.e. they have good balance, stamina and coordination

3. They enjoy showing what they can do like hopping jumping etc

Cognitive- 1. They draw more life like pictures as they get aware about the creature

2. Awareness of reality. They become aware of the real life and what it looks like

3. Self awareness. They understand themselves and think positively about themselves and their abilities

Socio- emotional- 1. They become aware of their feelings

2. They understand how to deal with their emotions

3. They choose their friends based on their interests

Moral- 1. They internalise family values i.e. understand the nirms and the consequences of their behavior

2. They understand role of mature people and authority figures and take their guidance

3. After 7 they feel that they should take part in making rules and also develop sympathy etc

Toys/activity- skating, swiming, dancing etc

9-12 years

Physical- 1. The physical growth that is pace of increase in height and weight slows down

2. Their coordination becomes more fine like they start writing in cursive handwriting etc

3. Girls might enter puberty and their muscle strength increases i.e. they are energetic

4. They have quicker reaction time

Cognitive- 1. They become concrete thinkers i.e. they find meanings in things they read or listen

2. Ability to memorise things i.e. they can retain their memory

3. Learning pace increases as they start attaching meaning to things they can learn faster

Socio- emotional- 1. A sense of attachment develops in them towards their friends. They feeel like being a part of the group

2. They become curious about new things and try to find the consequences of actions of adults by doing them themselves

3. They are unable to manage their emotions as they are aggressive and argumentative at one time and generous and caring at the next

Moral- 1. They value rules but try to question them as well to come to a better conclusion

2. They start thinking about the betterment of the society and world and develop abstract reasoning

3. They try to find what is right and wring on their own rather than conforming to the authority figures and empathy increases

Toy/activity- interacting with peers, showing loyalty to them, and being a part of the grouo