JJ Gibson gave a view point in the theory of perception that individuals while perceiving an object do not rely only on the internal cognitive process . They also used context in environment to understand what they are seeing . These context related cues in p[perception are called affordances. These affordances make an individual perform an action . This is called bottom up approach in perception and helps an individual act in the context of perceptual setting. This theory is also called individual direct perception approach.
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