Question

The social cognitive theory of learning emphasizes what?

Hebb’s neurocognitive approach to learning describes an optimal level of arousal, which is dependent on what?

Consolidation theory states that: “if anything interferes with the consolidation process, memory will be impaired.” What is being consolidated?

What describes the brains capacity to recognize or modify its connections as a result of experience?

What does “survival of the fittest” mean?

How is our understanding of human behavior impacted by understanding evolutionary psychology?

This concept explains the tendency for innate behavior patterns to gradually displace learned behavior

Write and define each of Tolman’s six kinds of learning

Answer 1

1. Social Cognitive Theory, developed by Albert Nandita suggests that people gain part of their knowledge from the environment where they live such as, observations (people, events & nature), social gatherings and interactions with others, other experiences and media influences.
2. Hebb suggested his famous Optimum Level of Arousal theory in 1955. According to this theory, everyone has their optimum arousal and when it happens, one performs to one's fullest potential. The optimum amount of performance (behaviour) depends on the optimum amount of arousal.

3. Consolidation Theory suggests that memory that are stored in long term memory is maintained, strengthened and modified. Once these memories on various things such as names, numbers, addresses, events, knowledge etc. are consolidated memory will remain permanently in long term memory.
4. Brain has got the capacity to constantly learn and reorganize information by using a technique called brain plasticity which is otherwise called neuroplasticity.
5. Survival of the fittest was first used to mention the strongest lives and the weak one perishes. In evolutionary process organisms and creatures that were able to withstand the climatic and other mating changes survived but those who didn't adopt didn't survive.
In psychology or sociology it's about building the competences such as characters, skills and knowledge to survive in one's society is called survival of the fittest. It's not only about learning new things but also about updating oneself before becoming obsolete.
6. Evolutionary psychology more about innate abilities to live one's life in one's environment and it blames the genetic makeup of a person for his ability and knowledge. Later this one helped to understand that if one understands the innate ability well, one could excel in that. It also helped psychologists take up research on the influence of environment and learning on one's behaviour.