Question

1. What is the circuit that responds to perceived stressors by initiating the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream?

a. hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

b. general adaptation system

c. cortisol receptor network

d. sympathetic adrenal-medullary system

2. What is cortisol?

a. A neurotransmitter associated with learning and memory

b. A hormone released into the bloodstream from the pituitary gland

c. A hormone released into the bloodstream from the adrenal glands

d. A neurotransmitter associated with movement, reward, and pleasure

3. One of the possible outcomes of chronic stress is prolonged high levels of circulating cortisol. What might harmful effects result?

a. The death of neurons and the inhibition of neurogenesis

b. An increase in the activity of lymphocytes accompanied by acute pain

c. An enlarged hippocampus and the potential for bipolar disorder

d. A constant state of arousal with intermittent incidences of mania

Answer 1

1. Th corrceta snwer is option D(sympathetic adrenal-medullary (SAM) system). When a stress response is triggered, it sends signals to two other structures: the pituitary gland, and the adrenal medulla. These short term responses are produced by The Fight or Flight Response via the Sympathomedullary Pathway (SAM).

2. The corrcet answer is option C (a hormone released into the bloodstream from the adrenal glands). Cortisol is a steroid hormone, one of the glucocorticoids, made in the cortex of the adrenal glands and then released into the blood, which transports it all round the body.

3. The correcta nswer is option A(The death of neurons and the inhibition of neurogenesis).