Question

Which of the following mechanisms underlies alcohol-induced dementia (blackouts)?

a. GABAA receptor down-regulation

b. Glutamate receptor antagonism

c. Dopamine receptor antagonism

d. Both a and b, but not c

e. All of the above

41. Which of the following is a symptom associated with severe alcohol withdrawal (i.e., delirium tremors)?

a. Agitation/irritability

b. Convulsions

c. Delusions/hallucinations

d. Tachycardia (rapid heart rate)

e. All of the above

42. Which of the following is a pharmacotherapy for assisting in ethanol detoxification?

a. Benzodiazepines

b. Anticonvulsant-mood stabilizers

c. Beta blockers

d. Baclofen

e. All of the above

43. Which of the following are involved in the expression of long-term potentiation?

a. Insertion of AMPA receptors into the presynaptic membrane

b. Phosphorylation of existing AMPA receptors

c. Activation of calcium/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII)

d. Both a and b, but not c e. All of the above

44. Which of the following is a pharmacotherapy for assisting in ethanol relapse prevention?

a. Antabuse

b. Acamprosate

c. Naltrexone

d. SSRIs

e. All of the above

45. Which of the following theories/models of addiction focuses on changes in hedonic set point?

a. Gateway hypothesis

b. Continuum theory

c. Opponent-process model

d. Incentive-sensitization model

e. None of the above

Answer 1

• GABA receptor down regulation-Chronic use of alcohol causes the downregulation of GABA due to the initial overstimulation by alcohol.

41. All the symptoms are involved in Alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The symptoms involve disturbances in neurotransmitter circuits and are implicated in alcohol pathway and reflect a homeostatic readjustment of the central nervous system.

42. Benzodiazepines are used for alcohol detoxification in a new patient. They decrease the likelihood of withdrawal seizures and episodes of delirium tremens.

43. both a and b

44. acamprosate and naltrexone effective for reducing alcohol use.

45.Incentive sensitization model