Question

4. Which of the following are somatodendritic autoreceptors for glutamate?

a. mGluR1,5

b. mGluR2,3

c. mGluR4,7,8

d. AMPA

e. NMDA

5. Which of the following forms of cocaine can be taken orally, snorted or injected intravenously?

a. Cocaine HCL

b. Freebase

c. Crack

d. Both b and c above, but not a

e. All of the above

9. According to the comprehensive Biopsychosocial model of addiction, which of the following is NOT a factor that increases compulsive drug seeking and drug use?

a. Positive reinforcing effects of drugs (euphoria, increased mood)

b. Negative reinforcing effects of drugs to avoid withdrawal (reduce anxiety & depression)

c. Stimuli that are conditioned to the drugs effects (drug associated cues)

d. Psychosocial and biological risk factors (stress, genetics).

e. Peer pressure

10. According to the disease (medical) model of drug addiction, which of the following leads to a loss of control, and compulsive drug seeking and drug use?

a. Inherited susceptibility

b. Altered brain function

c. Lack of will power

d. Both a and b, but not c

e. All of the above

questions are regarding the book psychopharmacology by Jerrold Meyer

Answer 1

4. E) NMDA

5. D) both b and c, but not a

Crack is taken in the soluble form. The base form, also referred to as “freebase” is not taken orally as it cannot be made soluble, but it is generally taken through smoke or injection.

9. C) stimuli that are conditioned to the drugs effects

The biosocial model of addiction was given by George Engle, where addiction has been successfully conceptualised. This model says that addiction does involve certain abnormality in brain functioning, where the psychological experiences of the individual are taken into consideration.

10. E) all of the above.

In this model distress, biological or genetic conditions are considered. This model has been criticised in saying that when people are labelled as addicts, it means that they are kept from developing any self control and this is turn would stigmatise them .