Question

Describe the emergence of the field of cognitive science in the 20^th century.

Define empiricism and associationism, and explain how these philosophies are reflected in the field of cognitive science.

Briefly explain Donald Hebb’s statement, “Cells that fire together, wire together.” What significance did this proposal have on neuroscience?

Define myelin, the process of myelination, and the purpose of myelination. What happens when certain diseases cause demyelination?

Describe the structure and function of the following cells: Schwann cells, glia, microglia, and neurons.

Describe the structure of a neuron and the functions of its component parts.

Explain the process of neuronal signaling, including membrane potential, threshold potential, and equilibrium potential.

Identify the major lobes of the brain and the corpus callosum. What are the primary functions of the corpus callosum and lobes?

Describe the following parts of the brain (including their component structures): brainstem, diencephalon, and telencephalon. Briefly describe the primary function of each major component.

Describe computed tomography – what is the purpose of a CT scan, and what is the basic process for a scan?

Describe positron emission tomography – what is the purpose of a PET scan, and what is the basic process for a scan?

Define rods and cones, including their functions and primary locations.

Identify the primary visual pathway.

Identify the primary olfactory pathway.

Identify the primary auditory cortex.

Describe deficits in perception related to injuries in the optic nerves.

Describe synthesthesia.

Describe what is meant by cortical plasticity, and provide some examples of somatosensory plasticity.

Define attention and orienting.

Describe voluntary and reflexive attention.

Describe neglect syndrome and compare contrast it with Balint’s syndrome.

Describe early and late selection models of attention.

Answer 1

Computers stimulated the emergence of cognitive science in 1950s .

At this time researchers identified two distinct ways to study cognitive processes by using computers and application.

Cognitive psychology tries to explain how humans performed cognitive task . Computer techniques or say artificial Intelligence were not necessarily relevant.

However by the decade of 1970s both came close to each other so that they could benefit by learning about each other's research and taking ideas from each other.

The term cognitive science describe all the aspects of cognition and it's understanding.