Question

Carol Gilligan critiqued Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. Describe the critique and how she proposed a theory of moral development that is more inclusive of how women and girls make decisions in moral dilemmas. Describe her theory, exploring how she outlines an ethic of care and an ethic of justice to an ethical dilemma you construct. Include in your response, how you would teach young teens, both boys, and girls, about how to construct both response types to the ethical dilemma you constructed.

Please write a paper use own words 3 page

Answer 1

Gilligan was a psychologist who proposed that kohlberg's theories are biased upon male thinking. She criticized kohlberg to take male sample and make biased theories. She said that women have more psychological challenges to be faced. Women development of morality include care of human relationships.
She proposed theory similar to kohlberg but different stages of moral development. The moral development in Gilligan's theory are based on pro social behavior such as caring and helping traits.
She gave three stages, though the name are same but the explanation for the stages are different
1. Pre conventional stage
At this stage one cares for oneself and ensure survival. Though, the person is selfish, this is a transitional phase where the person find the connection with one self and others

2. Conventional level
Person feels responsible and shows care towards other people. Gilligan believes that this moral thinking can be identified in a role of mother and wife.

Post conventional level
This is a stage where the principle of care for self and others are accepted. Some people might not reach here
According this theory changes occur of self rather than critical thinking. It was said that the post conventional is not attained by females because they care for relationship much more than males
Gilligan also talked about different level of thinking which is based in post conventional stage of moral development. She gave care based morality and justice based morality.

Care based morality is usually found in females. They are based on following principles.
A. More emphasis is given to inter connected relationship
B. Acting justly focuses on avoidance of violence
C. Women are usually interested in helping others
D. More common in girls because of their connection to their mother
E. Because girls remain connected to their mothers, they are less inclined to worry about issues of fairness
Justice based morality
Justice based morality is a kind of morality found in men and work on following principles
A. Male view world of autonomous individual
B. Act to avoid injustice
C. Usually interested in protecting individuality
D. Males have more need to differentiate between themselves and their mother
E. More concerned with the concept of inequality
The ethic of care also have four elements
Moral attention
Sympathetic understanding
Relationship awareness
Harmony