Question

Find the errors in the following casual reasoning:

Nearly all sick people have eaten carrots. Obviously the effects are cumulative

An estimated 99.9% of all people who die from cancer have eaten carrots.

Another 99.9% of people involved in auto accidents ate carrots within 60 days of the accident.

Some 93.1% of juvenile delinquents come from homes where carrots are served frequently.

Among the people born in 1839 who later dined on carrots, there has been 100% mortality rate.

All carrot eaters born between 1900 and 1910 have wrinkled skin, brittle bones, few teeth and failing eyesight…if the perils of carrot consumption have not already caused their deaths.

Answer 1

Answer:
Causal claim is a connection between two or more events such that one event influence the other.
Error in causal reasoning may occur in many ways.
Some of them are given below:
1.   Post hoc ergo propter hoc
•   It simply means one event occur after another. Hence it is caused by other.
•   We can make error of reasoning when we think that one event causes another simply because it occurs after another.
2.when we ignore the common cause – for example: like in our case carrot eating is not the main cause of the deaths. It is true that carrot helps us to maintain our health but carrot eating is not a directly influence the any events of deaths, maintained in causal reasoning statements.