Question

1. The italicized portion of the statement is known as the antecedent: “If Larry wins the marathon, then Larry will receive the trophy”.

True

False

2. The following statement “If the Owls improve their hitting, then they will win the softball championship” is…

		an argument.
		a conditional.
		a conditional and an argument.
		an argument and sometimes a conditional.

3. The following set of statements is an argument: {Socrates is a man. All men are mortal. Socrates is mortal.}

True

False

4. Phrases such as “which goes to show…” can signal that an argument is being given.

True

False

5. When an argument is put into standard form the premises and the conclusion have been clearly indicated.

True

False

6. In the statement “He’s been a Canadian citizen since 1982”, “since” is…

		a reason marker.
		a conclusion marker.
		merely indicating a passage of time.
		both a reason marker and a conclusion marker.

7. Indicative conditionals provide patterns that can be converted into an argument whenever the antecedent is said to be true or the consequent is said to be false.

True

False

8. According to Sinnot Armstrong and Fogelin, “then” is always used as a reason marker.

True

False

9. Which of the following statements expresses an argument?

		She has lived in Klamath Falls since 1942.
		He ate a slice of pizza, then he ate an ice-cream sandwich.
		She quit because her boss had a bad temper.
		First we went to Idaho and then we went to Montana.

10. When I utter the following: “If it is raining, then the ground is wet”, I am asserting that it is raining.

True

False

11.Whenever an argument is in the pattern of modus ponens or modus tollens, then the argument is valid.

True

False

12. A sound deductive argument is the strongest possible reason you can give for a particular claim.

True

False

13. To be a sound deductive argument, the argument must be…

		inductively strong and have true premises.
		valid and inductively strong.
		valid and be deductively strong.
		valid and have all true premises.

14. The following represents the valid argument pattern called “modus ponens.”

(1) If it is snowing, then the roads are slippery.

(2) The roads are not slippery.

______________________

? (3) It is not snowing (from 1 and 2).

True

False

15. The following argument is valid.

(1) Either George or Jerry or Jimmy killed the governor.

(2) George confessed to killing the governor.

______________________

? (3) Jimmy did not kill the governor (from 1 and 2)

True

False

16. A counterexample to an argument is…

		a hypothetical situation that shows that it is possible that one of the premises to be false.
		a hypothetical situation that shows that it is possible that the argument is false.
		a hypothetical situation that shows that it is possible for the conclusion to be true and the premises false.
		a hypothetical situation that shows that it is possible for the conclusion to be false even if all the the premises are true.

17.All arguments that are valid are sound.

True

False

18. What is a possible counterexample to the following argument?

(1) If Larry is a doctor, then Larry wears a white coat.

(2) Larry wears a white coat.

______________________

? (3) Larry is a doctor. (from 1 and 2)

		It is possible that Larry is a doctor and a nurse.
		It is possible that all the premises are false.
		It is possible that Larry is not a doctor, but rather a butcher.
		It is possible that Larry wears a pink coat.

19. An argument is valid if and only if…

		all the premises are, in fact ,true.
		it is impossible for all the premises to be true and the conclusion false.
		it is possible for all the premises to be true and the conclusion false.
		the conclusion is, in fact, true and so are the premises.

20. The following argument in standard form is valid.

(1) All professors are made of cheese.

(2) Dingo the dog is a professor.

______________________

? (3) Dingo the dog is made of cheese. (from 1 and 2)

True

False

Answer 1

1. The italicized portion of the statement is known as the antecedent: “If Larry wins the marathon, then Larry will receive the trophy”.

The above statement is a conditional statement "if P, then Q". If P is the antecedent i.e "if Larry wins the marathon", and then Q i.e "then Larry win receive the trophy" is the consequent. Therefore, "if Larry wins the marathon" is in italicized portion then it is true, otherwise the answer is false. ( In the question italicized portion is not given).

2.

Answer. a conditional

This is a conditional statement, a conditional argument has two conditional statement that leads to a third conditional statement.

3.

Answer. True

4.

Answer. True

5.

Answer. True

6.

Answer. merely indicating a passage of time.