Question

1. Discuss the education in drumming of Abubakari Lunna, a drummer of Dagbon. How was his education an example of enculturation?

2. Discuss the use of Euro American and traditional African musical features in the postal workers’ “work music.” How does the question, “Is this music?” relate to this “sound event”?

3. How has Thomas Mapfumo’s chimurenga music merged Euro American popular music features with traditional African musical features?

4. Discuss Ewe and Agbekor.

5. Discuss some of the problems with trying to answer the questions, “What music is African?” and/or “When is an African?”

6. Discuss ways in which the music-culture of Shona mbira is particularly well-suited to its spiritual purpose.

7. Describe how the BaAka use their music-culture as an adaptive resource.

8. Discuss the Afrobeat music of Fela Kuti in terms of the cultural origin and cultural influences. Which features are African, which are Euro-American, which are African- American, which are universal? What do you think about making differentiations of this kind?

9. Compare and contrast all the examples of music-culture presented in this chapter. What do they have in common? What makes each unique? Given information in the chapter, do you think it is accurate to consider Africa as a distinct geo-cultural region of the world? Justify your argument with evidence from the chapter.

10. Building on the information and ideas developed in answering Study Question #9, undertake a compare-and-contrast study of African music-culture with the music- cultures of other geo-cultural regions of the world presented in Worlds of Music. Consider the following topics: ? Compare elements of musical style such as rhythm, melody, texture, and form. ? Compare the use of language in music such as the nature of song lyrics or the use of language as a basis for instrumental themes.

Answer 1

• 4.Agbekor-A dance that signifies enjoying life. Relates to the suffering that the elders underwent and when they finally became settled. Ewe-Ghana
• Agbekor is a style of dance by the poot African peoples of Ewe and Fon. It is an ancient dance once known as Atamga, Ga meaning 'great', Atam meaning 'oath'.
• It is now performed by the people of Dzogadze, a farming community near Akatsi in the Southern part of the Volta Region of Ghana.
• It is 99 by multiple percussion instruments that engage in highly polyrhythmic interactions. Today, it is used for cultural presentations, but in the past, it was an actual war dance, and the oath in question was an oath taken by the ancestors before going into battle.
• The lead drummer 'calls' the dancers to perform a specific movement, preceded and followed by "the call to turn." There is a slow section and a fast section, with 'interlude songs' or "hatsiatsia" songs" sometimes performed in between.
• Ewe music is the music of the Ewe people of Togo, Ghana, and Benin, West Africa. Instrumentation is primarily percussive and rhythmically the music features great metrical complexity. Its highest form is in dance music including a drum orchestra, but there are also work, play, and other songs.
• The music used to either prepare for war or to celebrate a successful campaign such as this one became known as “Agbekor” or “clear life.” The Ewe moved to the Southeast, and settled near the Volta River where they grew in numbers.
• The Agbekor music then became part of the music of funerals. To honor the family heads, who were often war heroes, the Ewe celebrated their life through the performance of the Agbekor war music.
• Due to time limit,remaining questions can be asked as another question,they will be answered,thankyou for your cooperation