Question

2) Perception – define/ explain what it is

A)Perceptual Organization (P.O.) Define/ explain what it is

B)The Gestalt Laws of P.O Explain each of the following Gestalt Laws/ Principle of PO:

Figure-ground ,Simplicity, Closure, Proximity, Similarity.

Answer 1

• Perception can be defined as our recognition and interpretation of sensory information. Perception also includes how we respond to the information. We can think of perception as a process where we take in sensory information from our environment and use that information in order to interact with our environment. Perception allows us to take the sensory information in and make it into something meaningful.
• For example, let's look at our perception of words. Each letter of the alphabet is in itself a singular letter. When we perceive words, we think of them as one singular unit that is made up of smaller parts called letters. It is through this organization of letters into words that we are able to make something meaningful. That is, we perceive an entire word, and this word has a specific meaning that can be found in the dictionary.
• Perceptual organization refers to the ability to impose organization on sensory data, so as to group sensory primitives arising from a common underlying cause. The existence of this sort of organization in human perception, including vision, was emphasized by Gestalt psychologists.
• According to Gestalt psychology, the whole is different from the sum of its parts. Based upon this belief, Gestalt psychologists developed a set of principles to explain perceptual organization, or how smaller objects are grouped to form larger ones. These principles are often referred to as the "laws of perceptual organization."
• The law of similarity suggests that things similar things tend to appear grouped together. Grouping can occur in both visual and auditory stimuli. For example, when watching a football game, we tend to group individuals based on the colors of their uniforms. When watching an offensive drive, we can get a sense of the two teams simply by grouping along this dimension.
• The word pragnanz is a German term meaning "good figure." The law of Pragnanz is sometimes referred to as the law of good figure or the law of simplicity. This law holds that objects in the environment are seen in a way that makes them appear as simple as possible.
  
• According to the law of proximity, things that are near each other seem to be grouped together.For example, we read this sentence like this, notl iket hiso rt hat. We group the letters of a given word together because there are no spaces between the letters, and we perceive words because there are spaces between each word. Here are some more examples: Cany oum akes enseo ft hiss entence? What doth es e wor dsmea n?
• The law of continuity holds that points that are connected by straight or curving lines are seen in a way that follows the smoothest path. Rather than seeing separate lines and angles, lines are seen as belonging together.
• According to the law of closure, things are grouped together if they seem to complete some entity. Our brains often ignore contradictory information and fill in gaps in information.
• The Figure/Ground law examines how the eye can separate shapes in a design from the background of that design.