Distinguish between...
A. Independent and Dependent Variables
B. Random Group Design and Matched Group Design
C. Experimental and Control Groups
D. Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio Scales
An independent variable is a variable or a condition, situation, a phenomenon which is manipulated by the experimenter in a research as it is found to influence or cause the likelihood of another effect in the study. On the other hand, a dependent variable is an effect which is being studied in a research and it is hypothesised to be causally related to the independent variable. Thus in a study on the effect of loud music on mathematical tasks the loudness or intensity of music would be the independent variable and the scores on a test of mathematical reasoning would be the doewndent variabel.
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