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What was the so-called "Kulturkampf" ? What prompted it? How did it end?

What was the so-called "Kulturkampf" ? What prompted it? How did it end?

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Kulturkampf is a German term referring to power struggles between emerging nation states and the Roman Catholic Church over the place and role of religion in modern politics. Under the influence of emerging philosophies and ideologies such as the enlightenment, the role of religion in society underwent profound changes in the 18th and 19th centuries. There was significant decrease in the power of the church by reducing its duties solely to spiritual affairs. Furthermore, a separation of the church and state ensued in order to assert the supremacy of the state.

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