A modern square of opposition represents contradictory pairs of 4 different types of categorical propositions according to Boole? A-O are contradictory relation statements which means that they will have opposite truth values (if Ais said to be true it follows that O will be false) . Similarly, E-I are contradictory relation statements.
Thus, an instance of a valid argument would be :
Some people are happy
All those who are happy are people
Therefore, it is false that no people are happy
An instance of invalid argument( with existential fallacy) according to modern square of oppposition is:
All people are happy
Therefore, some people are happy
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